Explore Capsules

Behind every promotion and every quiet exit is a system, and companies run very different ones. The approaches here range from continuous strengths-based feedback to Netflix's blunt keep-or-cut test, with sharp critiques of forced rankings, annual reviews, and using OKRs to judge individuals. Understanding them tells you which culture you're building, or which one you're working inside.

The people paid to pick winning stocks mostly lose to a fund that simply buys everything, and it looks worse once dead funds are counted properly. The findings here differ on why: statistical bias, market efficiency, methodological blind spots, possible exceptions in bonds, and whose conflicts of interest color the analysis. Where you come down decides whether active management deserves any of your money.